fix(actpred): 定位 HEF 输入不敏感根因,补齐归一化预训练链路
根因:预训练全零图像占位使 BN running_var 停在初始小值,推理时 特征放大至 ±1e6,DFC 在 token merge 点按最大幅度分配共享量化 scale,pred_token/act_tokens 全部被压成 0,HEF 输出对任何输入 恒定(详见 docs/reports/actpred_hef_insensitivity_rootcause_20260813.md) - export_deploy.py:新增 check_token_ranges 导出前 token 量级检查 (|img|>100 中止导出并提示微调;act/img 比例过大警告;归一化 模型在 z 空间采样,避免零方差列爆炸) - pretrain_mt.py:新增 --random-images(ImageNet 归一化噪声占位, 恢复 BN 统计)、--init-from(微调起点,含动作空间一致性警告)、 --normalize-actions 完整支持(训练集 stats 计算与保存、验证集复用) - gen_calibration.py:归一化模型的校准集自动 z-score 动作历史 - _onnx_validate.py / _npu_test.py:归一化模型适配(torch 参考 z-score、HailoPredictor 传 stats_path) - README:预训练章节补充新参数与 NPU 部署警告 - 单测 76/76 通过;冒烟验证:1 epoch 噪声微调后 |img| 2.46e5→8, 归一化后 |act| 694→2.9
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+14
-4
@@ -62,9 +62,7 @@ bash _run.sh pretrain --mt-dir ../bot4cj/scripts --epochs 200 --noise-std 1.0
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bash _run.sh pretrain --mt-dir ../bot4cj/scripts --epochs 200 --noise-std 1.0 \
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--resume checkpoints/pretrain_last.pt
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# 用预训练权重作为微调起点
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# 注意:预训练在非归一化动作空间进行,微调时请勿开启 --normalize-actions,
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# 否则输入分布与预训练权重不匹配,预训练收益会大打折扣
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# 用预训练权重作为微调起点(pretrain 也支持 --init-from,行为同 train)
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bash _run.sh train --data-dir ./data --epochs 50 \
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--init-from checkpoints/pretrain_best_inference.pt
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```
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@@ -72,9 +70,21 @@ bash _run.sh train --data-dir ./data --epochs 50 \
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| 参数 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| `--mt-dir` | .mt 脚本目录(如 `../bot4cj/scripts`) |
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| `--noise-std` | 高斯噪声标准差(数据增强,建议 0.5~2.0) |
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| `--noise-std` | 高斯噪声标准差(数据增强,建议 0.5~2.0;与 `--normalize-actions` 联用时按 z-score 单位,建议 0.05~0.2) |
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| `--random-images` | 用 ImageNet 归一化均匀噪声替代全零图像占位,**恢复 BN 统计**(详见下方警告) |
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| `--init-from` | 预训练 checkpoint 路径,作为微调起点(strict=False;与当前运行动作空间不一致时打印 WARNING) |
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> **注意**:.mt 脚本列数(12)与 `action_dim`(18)不一致时自动补零。预训练保存到 `checkpoints/pretrain_best_inference.pt`。
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> 预训练与微调必须使用**同一动作空间**(`--normalize-actions` 同时开或同时关),
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> 否则输入分布与权重不匹配,预训练收益会大打折扣。
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> **警告(2026-08-13 实测)**:全零图像占位会让 BN `running_var` 停在初始小值,
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> 推理时特征放大到 ±1e6,**HEF uint8 量化不可行**(输出对输入不敏感)。
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> 面向 NPU 部署的预训练/微调请务必使用 `--random-images`(或真实数据微调),
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> 导出时 `export_deploy.py` 的 `check_token_ranges` 会拦截退化的 checkpoint。
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> 详见 [根因分析报告](../docs/reports/actpred_hef_insensitivity_rootcause_20260813.md)。
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> 建议同时开启 `--normalize-actions`:z-score 后 act_tokens 与 img_tokens 同量级,
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> 避免 HEF merge 点共享量化 scale 粗量化图像路径。
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## 数据格式
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+18
-1
@@ -56,6 +56,20 @@ model.load_state_dict(ck["model_state_dict"])
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model.eval()
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pred_learned = model.pred_token.data.unsqueeze(1).numpy() # (1,1,1,d)
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# 归一化模型:torch 参考在喂入前 z-score;HailoPredictor 传 stats_path
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# 由封装内部归一化(hist_real/hist_zero 保持原始值,避免双重归一化)
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import os
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stats_path = None
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if cfg.data.normalize_actions:
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stats_path = cfg.data.action_stats_path or os.path.join(
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os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(CKPT)), "action_stats.npy")
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if not os.path.isabs(stats_path):
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stats_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(CKPT)),
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stats_path)
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if not os.path.exists(stats_path):
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raise FileNotFoundError(f"统计文件不存在: {stats_path}")
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print(f"HailoPredictor stats: {stats_path}")
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from torchvision import transforms
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tf = transforms.Compose([
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transforms.Resize((cfg.data.image_height, cfg.data.image_width)),
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@@ -67,6 +81,9 @@ tf = transforms.Compose([
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def torch_pred(imgs, hist, use_learned_pred=True):
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x = torch.stack([tf(Image.fromarray(im)) for im in imgs]).unsqueeze(0)
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h = torch.tensor(hist).unsqueeze(0)
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if stats_path is not None:
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stats = np.load(stats_path)
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h = (h - torch.tensor(stats[0])) / torch.tensor(stats[1])
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if use_learned_pred:
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with torch.no_grad():
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return model(x, h).squeeze(0).numpy()
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@@ -78,7 +95,7 @@ def torch_pred(imgs, hist, use_learned_pred=True):
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return out
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with HailoPredictor(HEF_PATH) as p:
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with HailoPredictor(HEF_PATH, stats_path=stats_path) as p:
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print(f"\ndims: frame_len={p.frame_len} img={p.image_width}x{p.image_height} "
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f"history={p.history_len} action_dim={p.action_dim}")
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t0 = time.perf_counter()
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@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@ model = ActionPredictor(cfg.model, cfg.data, pretrained=False)
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model.load_state_dict(ck["model_state_dict"])
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model.eval()
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action_stats = None
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if cfg.data.normalize_actions:
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import os
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stats_path = cfg.data.action_stats_path or os.path.join(
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os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(CKPT)), "action_stats.npy")
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if not os.path.isabs(stats_path):
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stats_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(CKPT)),
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stats_path)
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action_stats = np.load(stats_path)
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if action_stats.shape != (2, cfg.data.action_dim):
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raise ValueError(f"action stats 形状应为 (2, {cfg.data.action_dim}),"
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f"实际为 {action_stats.shape}: {stats_path}")
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print(f"history 将 z-score 归一化({stats_path})")
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sess = ort.InferenceSession(ONNX)
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in_names = [i.name for i in sess.get_inputs()]
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print("ONNX inputs:", in_names)
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@@ -48,6 +62,10 @@ hist_real = np.array([
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], dtype=np.float32)
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hist_zero = np.zeros((5, 18), dtype=np.float32)
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if action_stats is not None:
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hist_real = (hist_real - action_stats[0]) / action_stats[1]
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hist_zero = (hist_zero - action_stats[0]) / action_stats[1]
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pred_learned = model.pred_token.data.unsqueeze(1).numpy() # (1,1,1,128)
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pred_none = np.zeros((1, 1, 1, 128), dtype=np.float32)
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@@ -12,13 +12,21 @@ Reshape 序列。此脚本逐项改造(权重数值完全不变):
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"""
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import argparse
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import os
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import numpy as np
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import torch
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import torch.nn as nn
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from config import parse_checkpoint_config
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from model import ActionPredictor
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IMAGENET_MEAN = np.array([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], dtype=np.float32)
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IMAGENET_STD = np.array([0.229, 0.224, 0.225], dtype=np.float32)
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MAX_TOKEN_ABS = 100.0
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MERGE_RATIO_WARN = 32.0
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class ManualAttnBlock(nn.Module):
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"""等价替换 nn.TransformerEncoderLayer(d=128, nhead=4, ff=256, norm_first=True)"""
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@@ -124,6 +132,57 @@ class DeployWrapper(nn.Module):
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return self.head(tokens[:, :, -1:, :]).squeeze(1) # (1, 1, action_dim)
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def check_token_ranges(wrapper: "DeployWrapper", frame_len: int, height: int,
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width: int, history_len: int, action_dim: int,
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pred_token: torch.Tensor, max_abs: float = MAX_TOKEN_ABS,
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action_stats_path: str = None):
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"""导出前检查 token 量级:幅度过大时 uint8 量化会把小信号压成 0
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预训练用全零图像占位 → BN running_var 停在初始小值 → 推理时每级
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BN 放大 ~50 倍,图像 token 可达 ±2e5。DFC 在 token merge 点按最大
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幅度分配共享量化 scale(实测 scale=1965.92,pred_token/act_tokens
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全部量化成 0),HEF 输出对任何输入恒定。必须在编译前拦截。
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归一化模型(normalize_actions)的 HEF 输入是 z-score 后的历史,
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检查输入须与推理端一致。
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"""
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rng = np.random.default_rng(42)
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raw = rng.integers(0, 256, size=(height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
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norm = (raw.astype(np.float32) / 255.0 - IMAGENET_MEAN) / IMAGENET_STD
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frames = [torch.tensor(norm[None]) for _ in range(frame_len)]
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history = rng.uniform(0.0, 500.0, size=(1, 1, history_len, action_dim))
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if action_stats_path is not None:
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stats = np.load(action_stats_path)
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if stats.shape != (2, action_dim):
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raise ValueError(
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f"action stats 形状应为 (2, {action_dim}),"
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f"实际为 {stats.shape}: {action_stats_path}")
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# 归一化模型直接在 z 空间采样:raw 均匀采样会在零方差列上
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# 产生天文数字 z 值(实际推理中这些列恒为 0,z 恒为 0)
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history = rng.normal(0.0, 1.5, size=(1, 1, history_len, action_dim))
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history = torch.tensor(history, dtype=torch.float32)
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with torch.no_grad():
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feats = [wrapper._frame_feat(f, i).permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
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for i, f in enumerate(frames)]
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img_tokens = torch.cat(feats, dim=2) + wrapper.proj_bias
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act_tokens = torch.matmul(history, wrapper.act_w) + wrapper.act_b
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img_max = img_tokens.abs().max().item()
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act_max = act_tokens.abs().max().item()
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pred_max = pred_token.abs().max().item()
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print(f"token 量级检查: |img|={img_max:.4g} |act|={act_max:.4g} "
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f"|pred|={pred_max:.4g}(图像上限 {max_abs})")
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if img_max > max_abs:
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raise SystemExit(
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f"错误: 图像 token 幅度 {img_max:.3g} 超过可量化上限 {max_abs}。"
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f"checkpoint 的 BN 统计退化(预训练用全零图像占位,running_var "
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f"停在初始小值),uint8 量化会把小信号全部压成 0、HEF 输出恒定。"
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f"请先用真实/随机图像数据微调后再导出。")
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if act_max > MERGE_RATIO_WARN * max(img_max, 1.0):
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print(f"WARNING: act_tokens 幅度 {act_max:.3g} 远大于 img_tokens "
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f"{img_max:.3g},merge 点共享 scale 会粗量化图像路径;"
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f"建议用 --normalize-actions 训练(动作归一化)压小 act_tokens")
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def main():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Export Hailo-friendly ONNX")
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parser.add_argument("--model", required=True, help="checkpoint path")
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@@ -143,6 +202,23 @@ def main():
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h, w = cfg.data.image_height, cfg.data.image_width
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f = cfg.data.frame_len
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stats_path = None
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if cfg.data.normalize_actions:
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# 与 predict.py 语义一致:相对路径按 checkpoint 目录解析
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stats_path = cfg.data.action_stats_path
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if not stats_path:
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stats_path = os.path.join(
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os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(args.model)),
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"action_stats.npy")
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elif not os.path.isabs(stats_path):
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stats_path = os.path.join(
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os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(args.model)), stats_path)
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if not os.path.exists(stats_path):
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raise FileNotFoundError(
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f"模型训练时启用了动作归一化,但未找到统计文件: {stats_path}")
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check_token_ranges(wrapper, f, h, w, cfg.data.history_len,
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cfg.data.action_dim, model.pred_token.data.unsqueeze(1),
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action_stats_path=stats_path)
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dummy_frames = [torch.randn(1, h, w, 3) for _ in range(f)]
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dummy_history = torch.randn(1, 1, cfg.data.history_len, cfg.data.action_dim)
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dummy_pred = model.pred_token.data.unsqueeze(1).clone() # (1, 1, 1, d)
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@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
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"""
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import argparse
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import os
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import numpy as np
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@@ -77,6 +78,27 @@ def build_deploy_set(args):
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history = build_action_history_samples(
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args.mt_dir, args.samples, cfg.history_len, cfg.action_dim, rng)
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history = history[:, None, :, :] # (N, 1, H_len, D)
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if cfg.normalize_actions:
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# 归一化模型的 HEF 输入是 z-score 历史(hailo_infer --stats 同语义),
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# 校准数据必须走同一变换,否则量化范围与推理分布不匹配
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stats_path = cfg.action_stats_path
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if not stats_path:
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stats_path = os.path.join(
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os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(args.model)),
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"action_stats.npy")
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elif not os.path.isabs(stats_path):
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stats_path = os.path.join(
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os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(args.model)), stats_path)
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if not os.path.exists(stats_path):
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raise FileNotFoundError(
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f"模型训练时启用了动作归一化,但未找到统计文件: {stats_path}")
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stats = np.load(stats_path)
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if stats.shape != (2, cfg.action_dim):
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raise ValueError(
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f"action stats 形状应为 (2, {cfg.action_dim}),"
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f"实际为 {stats.shape}: {stats_path}")
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history = (history - stats[0]) / stats[1]
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print(f" action_history: 已 z-score 归一化({stats_path})")
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model = ActionPredictor(parse_checkpoint_config(ckpt["config"]).model,
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cfg, pretrained=False)
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+103
-22
@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@
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数据增强:
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--noise-std 控制高斯噪声标准差。因 .mt 脚本数据量有限,
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适度噪声(如 0.5~2.0)可有效防止过拟合。
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图像占位:
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--random-images 用 ImageNet 归一化的均匀噪声替代全零占位。
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全零图像会让 BN running_var 停在初始小值(推理时每级放大 ~50 倍,
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特征达 ±1e6),导致 HEF uint8 量化不可行;微调阶段必须用噪声或
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真实图像恢复 BN 统计。
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"""
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import json
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@@ -27,6 +33,9 @@ from config import Config, build_argparser, apply_overrides, validate_config_val
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from model import ActionPredictor
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from mt_parser import parse_mt_directory
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_IMAGENET_MEAN = [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
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_IMAGENET_STD = [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
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class MTActionDataset(Dataset):
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"""从 .mt @Action 矩阵构建的滑动窗口数据集(无图像)
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@@ -35,9 +44,12 @@ class MTActionDataset(Dataset):
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"""
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def __init__(self, mt_dir: str, history_len: int, action_dim: int,
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file_indices: list = None, files: list = None):
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file_indices: list = None, files: list = None,
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action_mean=None, action_std=None):
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self.history_len = history_len
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self.action_dim = action_dim
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self._action_mean = action_mean
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self._action_std = action_std
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self.samples = []
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# 复用调用方已解析的结果(避免 train/val 各自重复解析同一目录)
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@@ -70,32 +82,50 @@ class MTActionDataset(Dataset):
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def __getitem__(self, idx):
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history, target = self.samples[idx]
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history = torch.from_numpy(history.copy())
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target = torch.from_numpy(target.copy())
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if self._action_mean is not None:
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history = (history - self._action_mean) / self._action_std
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target = (target - self._action_mean) / self._action_std
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return {
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"action_history": torch.from_numpy(history.copy()),
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"target": torch.from_numpy(target.copy()),
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"action_history": history,
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"target": target,
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}
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|
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def _placeholder_images(batch, frame_len, image_height, image_width,
|
||||
device, random_images: bool):
|
||||
"""构建 (B,F,3,H,W) 图像占位:全零或 ImageNet 归一化均匀噪声"""
|
||||
if not random_images:
|
||||
return torch.zeros(batch, frame_len, 3, image_height, image_width,
|
||||
device=device)
|
||||
x = torch.rand(batch, frame_len, 3, image_height, image_width,
|
||||
device=device)
|
||||
mean = torch.tensor(_IMAGENET_MEAN, device=device).view(1, 1, 3, 1, 1)
|
||||
std = torch.tensor(_IMAGENET_STD, device=device).view(1, 1, 3, 1, 1)
|
||||
return (x - mean) / std
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def pretrain_one_epoch(model, loader, optimizer, device, image_width,
|
||||
image_height, frame_len,
|
||||
max_grad_norm=None, noise_std=0.0):
|
||||
max_grad_norm=None, noise_std=0.0,
|
||||
random_images: bool = False):
|
||||
model.train()
|
||||
total_loss = 0.0
|
||||
count = 0
|
||||
zero_images = None
|
||||
images = None
|
||||
for batch in tqdm(loader, desc=" pretrain", leave=False):
|
||||
history = batch["action_history"].to(device)
|
||||
target = batch["target"].to(device)
|
||||
if noise_std > 0:
|
||||
history = history + torch.randn_like(history) * noise_std
|
||||
target = target + torch.randn_like(target) * noise_std
|
||||
if zero_images is None or zero_images.size(0) != history.size(0):
|
||||
zero_images = torch.zeros(
|
||||
history.size(0), frame_len, 3, image_height, image_width,
|
||||
device=device,
|
||||
)
|
||||
if images is None or images.size(0) != history.size(0):
|
||||
images = _placeholder_images(
|
||||
history.size(0), frame_len, image_height, image_width,
|
||||
device, random_images)
|
||||
optimizer.zero_grad()
|
||||
pred = model(zero_images, history)
|
||||
pred = model(images, history)
|
||||
loss = torch.nn.functional.mse_loss(pred, target)
|
||||
loss.backward()
|
||||
if max_grad_norm:
|
||||
@@ -107,20 +137,20 @@ def pretrain_one_epoch(model, loader, optimizer, device, image_width,
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@torch.no_grad()
|
||||
def validate(model, loader, device, image_width, image_height, frame_len):
|
||||
def validate(model, loader, device, image_width, image_height, frame_len,
|
||||
random_images: bool = False):
|
||||
model.eval()
|
||||
total_loss = 0.0
|
||||
count = 0
|
||||
zero_images = None
|
||||
images = None
|
||||
for batch in tqdm(loader, desc=" val ", leave=False):
|
||||
history = batch["action_history"].to(device)
|
||||
target = batch["target"].to(device)
|
||||
if zero_images is None or zero_images.size(0) != history.size(0):
|
||||
zero_images = torch.zeros(
|
||||
history.size(0), frame_len, 3, image_height, image_width,
|
||||
device=device,
|
||||
)
|
||||
pred = model(zero_images, history)
|
||||
if images is None or images.size(0) != history.size(0):
|
||||
images = _placeholder_images(
|
||||
history.size(0), frame_len, image_height, image_width,
|
||||
device, random_images)
|
||||
pred = model(images, history)
|
||||
loss = torch.nn.functional.mse_loss(pred, target)
|
||||
total_loss += loss.item() * history.size(0)
|
||||
count += history.size(0)
|
||||
@@ -135,6 +165,9 @@ def main():
|
||||
help=".mt 脚本目录(如 ../bot4cj/scripts)")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--noise-std", type=float, default=0.0,
|
||||
help="高斯噪声标准差(数据增强,建议 0.5~2.0)")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--random-images", action="store_true",
|
||||
help="用 ImageNet 归一化均匀噪声替代全零图像占位"
|
||||
"(微调时恢复 BN 统计,避免 HEF 量化退化)")
|
||||
args = parser.parse_args()
|
||||
|
||||
cfg = apply_overrides(Config(), args)
|
||||
@@ -172,9 +205,38 @@ def main():
|
||||
args.mt_dir, cfg.data.history_len, cfg.data.action_dim,
|
||||
file_indices=train_file_indices, files=all_files,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# 动作归一化(与 train.py 语义一致):无 stats 文件时按训练集
|
||||
# targets 计算并保存到 checkpoint_dir,验证集复用同一 stats
|
||||
action_mean = action_std = None
|
||||
if cfg.data.normalize_actions:
|
||||
if cfg.data.action_stats_path:
|
||||
if not os.path.exists(cfg.data.action_stats_path):
|
||||
raise FileNotFoundError(
|
||||
f"指定的 action_stats_path 不存在: "
|
||||
f"{cfg.data.action_stats_path}")
|
||||
stats = np.load(cfg.data.action_stats_path)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
all_actions = np.stack([s[1] for s in train_ds.samples])
|
||||
stats = np.stack([all_actions.mean(axis=0),
|
||||
all_actions.std(axis=0) + 1e-8])
|
||||
stats_path = os.path.join(cfg.train.checkpoint_dir,
|
||||
"action_stats.npy")
|
||||
np.save(stats_path, stats)
|
||||
cfg.data.action_stats_path = stats_path
|
||||
print(f"action_stats 已保存: {stats_path}(训练集 targets 统计)")
|
||||
if stats.shape != (2, cfg.data.action_dim):
|
||||
raise ValueError(
|
||||
f"action stats 形状应为 (2, {cfg.data.action_dim}),"
|
||||
f"实际为 {stats.shape}")
|
||||
action_mean, action_std = stats[0], stats[1]
|
||||
train_ds._action_mean = action_mean
|
||||
train_ds._action_std = action_std
|
||||
|
||||
val_ds = MTActionDataset(
|
||||
args.mt_dir, cfg.data.history_len, cfg.data.action_dim,
|
||||
file_indices=val_file_indices, files=all_files,
|
||||
action_mean=action_mean, action_std=action_std,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"Files: {len(train_file_indices)} train, {len(val_file_indices)} val")
|
||||
@@ -205,7 +267,26 @@ def main():
|
||||
f"backbone={cfg.model.cnn_backbone}, "
|
||||
f"attn={cfg.model.attn_layers}x{cfg.model.attn_heads}h"
|
||||
f"@{cfg.model.attn_dim}")
|
||||
print(f"Pre-training: noise_std={args.noise_std}")
|
||||
print(f"Pre-training: noise_std={args.noise_std}, "
|
||||
f"random_images={args.random_images}")
|
||||
|
||||
if args.init_from:
|
||||
init_ckpt = torch.load(args.init_from, map_location="cpu",
|
||||
weights_only=True)
|
||||
init_cfg = init_ckpt.get("config", {})
|
||||
init_norm = init_cfg.get("data", {}).get("normalize_actions", False)
|
||||
if init_norm != cfg.data.normalize_actions:
|
||||
print(f"WARNING: init-from checkpoint 的 normalize_actions="
|
||||
f"{init_norm} 与当前运行 "
|
||||
f"{cfg.data.normalize_actions} 不一致,输入分布不匹配"
|
||||
f"会损失预训练收益(见 README 预训练说明)")
|
||||
missing, unexpected = model.load_state_dict(
|
||||
init_ckpt["model_state_dict"], strict=False)
|
||||
if missing:
|
||||
print(f" init-from missing keys: {missing}")
|
||||
if unexpected:
|
||||
print(f" init-from unexpected keys: {unexpected}")
|
||||
print(f"Loaded pretrained weights from: {args.init_from}")
|
||||
|
||||
optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(
|
||||
model.parameters(), lr=cfg.train.lr,
|
||||
@@ -241,11 +322,11 @@ def main():
|
||||
train_loss = pretrain_one_epoch(
|
||||
model, train_loader, optimizer, device,
|
||||
cfg.data.image_width, cfg.data.image_height, cfg.data.frame_len,
|
||||
cfg.train.max_grad_norm, args.noise_std,
|
||||
cfg.train.max_grad_norm, args.noise_std, args.random_images,
|
||||
)
|
||||
val_loss = validate(model, val_loader, device,
|
||||
cfg.data.image_width, cfg.data.image_height,
|
||||
cfg.data.frame_len)
|
||||
cfg.data.frame_len, args.random_images)
|
||||
scheduler.step()
|
||||
print(f" train_loss={train_loss:.6f} val_loss={val_loss:.6f}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in new issue
Block a user