增加运维机器人单元
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""摄像头拍照工具 - 获取相机设备列表、选择指定相机拍照、保存照片。"""
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import os
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import sys
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import argparse
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from pathlib import Path
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import time
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# 定义默认的截图保存目录
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CAMERA_DIR = os.path.expanduser("~/.aibox/camera")
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def ensure_camera_dir():
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"""确保摄像头照片保存目录存在"""
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os.makedirs(CAMERA_DIR, exist_ok=True)
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return CAMERA_DIR
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def list_cameras(max_test=10):
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"""列出可用的摄像头设备"""
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available_cameras = []
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for i in range(max_test):
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cap = cv2.VideoCapture(i)
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if cap.isOpened():
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ret, frame = cap.read()
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if ret:
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height, width = frame.shape[:2]
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backend = cap.getBackendName()
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camera_info = {
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"id": i,
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"resolution": f"{width}x{height}",
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"backend": backend,
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"status": "可用"
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}
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# 在Linux系统上尝试获取设备路径
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if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
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dev_path = f"/dev/video{i}"
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if os.path.exists(dev_path):
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camera_info["device_path"] = dev_path
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try:
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import subprocess
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result = subprocess.run(
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['udevadm', 'info', '--query=property', '--name', dev_path],
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capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=2
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)
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if result.returncode == 0:
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for line in result.stdout.split('\n'):
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if 'ID_MODEL=' in line:
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camera_info["model"] = line.split('=')[1].strip()
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elif 'ID_VENDOR=' in line:
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camera_info["vendor"] = line.split('=')[1].strip()
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except:
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pass
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available_cameras.append(camera_info)
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cap.release()
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else:
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cap.release()
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return available_cameras
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def get_camera_info(camera_id):
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"""获取指定摄像头的详细信息"""
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cap = cv2.VideoCapture(camera_id)
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if not cap.isOpened():
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return None
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info = {
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"id": camera_id,
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"properties": {}
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}
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# 获取各种摄像头属性
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properties = [
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, "width"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, "height"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS, "fps"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_BRIGHTNESS, "brightness"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_CONTRAST, "contrast"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_SATURATION, "saturation"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_HUE, "hue"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_GAIN, "gain"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_EXPOSURE, "exposure"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_FOCUS, "focus"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_AUTO_EXPOSURE, "auto_exposure"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_AUTO_WB, "auto_white_balance"),
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(cv2.CAP_PROP_WB_TEMPERATURE, "white_balance_temperature"),
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]
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for prop_id, prop_name in properties:
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value = cap.get(prop_id)
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if value >= 0:
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info["properties"][prop_name] = value
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ret, frame = cap.read()
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if ret:
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height, width = frame.shape[:2]
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info["current_resolution"] = f"{width}x{height}"
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info["channels"] = frame.shape[2] if len(frame.shape) > 2 else 1
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cap.release()
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if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
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dev_path = f"/dev/video{camera_id}"
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if os.path.exists(dev_path):
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info["device_path"] = dev_path
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return info
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def capture_photo(camera_id=0, save_path=None, resolution=None, wait_time=1, exposure=None):
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"""调用指定摄像头拍照"""
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cap = cv2.VideoCapture(camera_id)
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if not cap.isOpened():
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return None, f"无法打开摄像头 #{camera_id}，请检查摄像头连接", None, None
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if resolution:
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try:
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width, height = map(int, resolution.lower().replace('x', ' ').split())
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cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, width)
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cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, height)
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except:
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pass
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# 如果指定了曝光值，关闭自动曝光并设置手动曝光
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if exposure is not None:
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# 0.25 = 手动模式（部分后端用 1），3 = 自动模式
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cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_AUTO_EXPOSURE, 0.25)
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cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_EXPOSURE, exposure)
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time.sleep(wait_time)
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for _ in range(5):
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cap.read()
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ret, frame = cap.read()
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cap.release()
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if not ret:
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return None, "拍照失败，无法获取图像帧", None, None
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actual_height, actual_width = frame.shape[:2]
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if save_path is None:
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ensure_camera_dir()
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timestamp = time.strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
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filename = f"camera_{camera_id}_{timestamp}.jpg"
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save_path = os.path.join(CAMERA_DIR, filename)
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else:
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save_dir = os.path.dirname(save_path)
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if save_dir:
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os.makedirs(save_dir, exist_ok=True)
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if not os.path.splitext(save_path)[1]:
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save_path += '.jpg'
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cv2.imwrite(save_path, frame)
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return save_path, None, actual_width, actual_height
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def format_camera_list(cameras):
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"""格式化相机列表输出"""
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if not cameras:
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return "❌ 未找到可用的摄像头设备"
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lines = ["📷 可用摄像头设备:"]
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for cam in cameras:
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model_info = ""
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if "model" in cam:
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model_info = f" ({cam.get('vendor', '')} {cam['model']})".strip()
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dev_path = cam.get("device_path", f"Camera #{cam['id']}")
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lines.append(f" [{cam['id']}] {dev_path}{model_info}")
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lines.append(f" 分辨率: {cam['resolution']}, 后端: {cam['backend']}")
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return "\n".join(lines)
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def list_recent_photos(limit=10):
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"""列出最近的摄像头照片"""
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ensure_camera_dir()
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if not os.path.exists(CAMERA_DIR):
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return f"摄像头照片目录不存在: {CAMERA_DIR}"
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photos = []
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for f in os.listdir(CAMERA_DIR):
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if f.lower().endswith(('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.bmp', '.gif')):
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filepath = os.path.join(CAMERA_DIR, f)
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mtime = os.path.getmtime(filepath)
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size = os.path.getsize(filepath)
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photos.append((mtime, f, size))
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photos.sort(reverse=True)
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if not photos:
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return f"摄像头照片目录中没有照片: {CAMERA_DIR}"
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result = [f"📸 最近的摄像头照片 (共 {len(photos)} 个):"]
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for i, (mtime, fname, size) in enumerate(photos[:limit], 1):
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dt = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(mtime))
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if size < 1024:
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size_str = f"{size}B"
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elif size < 1024 * 1024:
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size_str = f"{size/1024:.1f}KB"
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else:
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size_str = f"{size/1024/1024:.1f}MB"
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result.append(f" {i}. {fname} - {dt} ({size_str})")
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if len(photos) > limit:
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result.append(f" ... 还有 {len(photos) - limit} 个文件")
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return "\n".join(result)
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def main():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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description="摄像头拍照工具 - 获取相机设备列表、选择指定相机拍照、保存照片。",
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epilog="""
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使用示例:
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# 列出所有可用摄像头
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camera --action list
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# 查看摄像头详细信息
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camera --action info --camera-id 0
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# 拍照（自动生成文件名）
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camera --action capture --camera-id 0
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# 拍照并指定分辨率
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camera --action capture --camera-id 0 --resolution "1920x1080"
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# 拍照并自定义文件名
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camera --action capture --camera-id 0 --filename "my_photo"
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# 拍照并等待3秒预热
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camera --action capture --camera-id 0 --wait-time 3
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# 手动降低曝光（数值越低越暗，-7 比 -5 更暗）
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camera --action capture --camera-id 0 --exposure -7
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# 调整曝光至较亮
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camera --action capture --camera-id 0 --exposure -4
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# 列出最近的照片
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camera --action list-photos --limit 5
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照片保存位置:
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~/.aibox/camera/
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自动命名格式: camera_{摄像头ID}_{YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS}.jpg
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需要安装:
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pip install opencv-python
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"""
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)
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parser.add_argument("--action", "-a", required=True,
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choices=["list", "info", "capture", "list-photos"],
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help="操作类型")
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# 摄像头参数
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parser.add_argument("--camera-id", "-c", type=int, default=0,
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help="摄像头ID（默认: 0）")
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parser.add_argument("--resolution", "-r",
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help="照片分辨率，格式: 宽度x高度（如 1920x1080）")
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parser.add_argument("--wait-time", "-w", type=float, default=1,
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help="等待摄像头预热时间（秒，默认: 1）")
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parser.add_argument("--exposure", "-e", type=float,
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help="曝光值（越低画面越暗。设置后自动关闭自动曝光，值范围取决于摄像头驱动，通常 -4 到 -7 为常见范围）")
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parser.add_argument("--filename", "-f",
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help="自定义文件名（不含路径，自动保存到默认目录）")
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parser.add_argument("--limit", "-l", type=int, default=10,
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help="列出照片时的数量限制（默认: 10）")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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# 延迟导入 cv2，确保 --help 不受依赖缺失影响
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global cv2
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try:
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import cv2
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except ImportError:
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print("❌ 缺少依赖库: opencv-python。请运行: pip install opencv-python")
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sys.exit(1)
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# 执行操作
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try:
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if args.action == "list":
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print("🔍 正在扫描摄像头设备...")
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cameras = list_cameras(10)
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print(format_camera_list(cameras))
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if cameras:
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print(f"\n💡 使用建议:")
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print(f" 要使用摄像头 #{cameras[0]['id']} 拍照，请执行:")
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print(f" camera --action capture --camera-id {cameras[0]['id']}")
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print(f" 要查看摄像头详细信息，请执行:")
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print(f" camera --action info --camera-id {cameras[0]['id']}")
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elif args.action == "list-photos":
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result = list_recent_photos(args.limit)
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print(result)
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elif args.action == "info":
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print(f"🔍 正在获取摄像头 #{args.camera_id} 的详细信息...")
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info = get_camera_info(args.camera_id)
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if not info:
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print(f"❌ 无法打开摄像头 #{args.camera_id}，请检查设备是否存在")
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sys.exit(1)
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print(f"📷 摄像头 #{args.camera_id} 详细信息:")
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if "device_path" in info:
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print(f" 设备路径: {info['device_path']}")
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print(f" 当前分辨率: {info.get('current_resolution', '未知')}")
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if "channels" in info:
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print(f" 色彩通道: {info['channels']}")
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if info["properties"]:
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print(f"\n 支持设置的属性:")
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for name, value in info["properties"].items():
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print(f" {name}: {value}")
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print(f"\n💡 要拍照请执行:")
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print(f" camera --action capture --camera-id {args.camera_id}")
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elif args.action == "capture":
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ensure_camera_dir()
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if args.filename:
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save_path = os.path.join(CAMERA_DIR, args.filename)
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else:
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timestamp = time.strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
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save_path = os.path.join(CAMERA_DIR, f"camera_{args.camera_id}_{timestamp}.jpg")
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print(f"📸 正在使用摄像头 #{args.camera_id} 拍照...")
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if args.resolution:
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print(f" 请求分辨率: {args.resolution}")
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print(f" 预热时间: {args.wait_time}秒")
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if args.exposure is not None:
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print(f" 曝光值: {args.exposure}（手动模式，自动曝光已关闭）")
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print(f" 保存目录: {CAMERA_DIR}")
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image_path, error, width, height = capture_photo(
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camera_id=args.camera_id,
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save_path=save_path,
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resolution=args.resolution,
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wait_time=args.wait_time,
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exposure=args.exposure
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)
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if error:
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print(f"❌ {error}")
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sys.exit(1)
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print(f"✅ 拍照成功!")
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print(f" 📷 实际分辨率: {width}x{height}")
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print(f" 💾 保存路径: {image_path}")
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if os.path.exists(image_path):
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file_size = os.path.getsize(image_path)
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if file_size < 1024:
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size_str = f"{file_size}B"
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elif file_size < 1024 * 1024:
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size_str = f"{file_size/1024:.1f}KB"
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else:
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size_str = f"{file_size/1024/1024:.1f}MB"
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print(f" 📦 文件大小: {size_str}")
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photos = [f for f in os.listdir(CAMERA_DIR) if f.lower().endswith(('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.bmp'))]
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print(f" 📁 该目录共有 {len(photos)} 张照片")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"❌ 执行错误: {str(e)}")
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sys.exit(1)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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